Bulat A.F., Baranov V.A. The process of accumulation of germanium in the coal of Ukraine

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Parent Category: Geo-Technical Mechanics, 2021

Category: Geo-Technical Mechanics, 2021, № 159

Geoteh. meh. 2021, 159, 3-10

https://doi.org/10.15407/geotm2021.159.003

 

THE PROCESS OF ACCUMULATION OF GERMANIUM IN THE COAL OF UKRAINE

¹Bulat A.F., ¹Baranov V.A.

¹Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics named by N. Poljakov of NAS of Ukraine

UDC 622.831.322:622.81             

Language: English

Abstract. This summer, the state program "Critical and Strategic Mineral Resources of Ukraine in the Context of Globalization and Climate Change" was formulated. A significant group of minerals is classified as a critical raw material, including copper, lithium, cadmium, magnesium, nickel, graphite, aluminum, germanium and other metallic and non-metallic elements. If we look at the raw material base of germanium in the world in general and in our country, in particular, it can be noted that at the present stage one of the important sources for the extraction of germanium is coal, from which this element was additionally extracted in the form of metal earlier at the coking stage. The high geochemical mobility of germanium salts and the ability to concentrate at different stages and substages of lithogenesis have become the reason for the appearance of accompanying raw materials, which attracted the attention of many specialists. The task of this article is to focus on less known facts, and to determine the main regularities in the formation and transformation of accompanying germanium in coal seams at various stages and substages of lithogenesis in general and catagenesis, in particular. Since germanium, as well as other rare (small, accompanying, trace) elements are contained in this substance, when the temperature rises, it leaves the coals, along with lipids. But before leaving completely, the complex of lipids (hydrocarbons), together with rare elements, undergoes a cycle of hydrothermal transformations. As a result, we observe the enrichment of hydrocarbons with rare elements in coal seats and interlayers as they move upward. The downward movement of fats and small elements leads to their accumulation in the roof of coal seams and interlayers. Ultimately, at temperatures of about 1400-1600C, germanium, together with hydrocarbons and other small elements, goes into the fractured zones, where the pressure and temperatures are lower.

Keywords: germanium, coal, rare and trace elements, rock, catagenesis.

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About authors:

Bulat Anatolii Fedorovych, Academician of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Doctor of Technical Sciences (D. Sc), Professor, Director of the Institute, Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics named by N. Poljakov of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (IGTM of NAS of Ukraine), Dnipro, Ukraine, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Baranov Volodymyr Andriiovych, Doctor of Geology (D. Sc), Senior Researcher, Head of Laboratory for Research of Structural Transformations of Rocks, Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics named by N. Poljakov of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (IGTM of NAS of Ukraine), Dnipro, Ukraine, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

 

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