Babii K., Voron O., Chetveryk M., Lewicka E., Naworyta W. Phytoremediation of technogenic objects: procedure, sequence, mathematical model
- Details
- Parent Category: Geo-Technical Mechanics, 2025
- Category: Geo-Technical Mechanics, 2025, Issue 172
Geoteсh. meh. 2025, 172, 172-184
PHYTOREMEDIATION OF TECHNOGENIC OBJECTS: PROCEDURE, SEQUENCE, MATHEMATICAL MODEL
1M.S. Poliakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
2Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Department of Mineral Policy, Polish Academy of Sciences
3AGH University of Science and Technology in Krakow
UDC 58.02.581.5632.15
Language: English
Abstract. The article is devoted to the biological reclamation of lands that have been disturbed as a result of industrial activities, in particular mining and thermal power plants. Various methods of reclamation are analyzed, including self-growth (natural phytoremediation), mining and biological reclamation. The disadvantages of traditional approaches to reclamation are identified, which do not ensure the full restoration of the ecological state of the soil cover and its detoxification. It is proved that for contaminated areas, the most effective is phytoremediation being an alternative and effective way of reclamation providing the removal or neutralization of toxic components in the soil due to the hyperaccumulating plants.
The sequence of works on the implementation of phytoremediation of contaminated soils in technogenic objects of mining enterprises and/or the surface of ash and slag heaps of thermal power plants is substantiated taking into account regulatory documents. The phytoremediation procedure is proposed to be divided into six main stages: search, preparatory, laboratory, office, field and final. The influence of the plant root system on the reduction of heavy metal concentration in soils is analyzed by mathematical modeling of the process of their extraction. The optimal selection of crops for different types of technogenic landscapes is proposed taking into account the toxicological characteristics of the soil. The analytical dependence of the residue of toxic trace elements in technogenic soil after the application of phytoremediation is established, which is represented by an inverse power dependence between the content of toxic components of heavy metals in the artificially created soil layer, the solubility of toxic trace elements in water, the number of plants, the period of growth and water consumption by plants. It was determined that the highest efficiency of heavy metal removal (in particular Cu, Cr, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd) is demonstrated by Melilotus officinalis, which allows achieving permissible levels of pollution during three growing seasons. The results obtained can be applied in the implementation of measures for the revitalization of industrial territories of mining enterprises and thermal power plants, as well as adjacent residential areas.
Keywords: biological remediation, technogenic soils, phytoremediation, procedure, mathematical model, hyperaccumulating plants, heavy metals, removal.
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About the authors:
Babii Kateryna, Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, (D.Sc.), Head of Department of Geomechanical Basis of Open-Pit Technology, Deputy Director for Research of M.S. Poliakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (IGTM of the NAS of Ukraine), Dnipro, Ukraine, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Voron Olena, Master of Sciences, Principal Specialist of Department of Geomechanical Basis of Open-Pit Technology, M.S. Poliakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (IGTM of the NAS of Ukraine), Dnipro, Ukraine, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. (Corresponding author)
Chetverуk Mykhailo, (D.Sc.), Professor, Principal Researcher of Department of Geomechanical Basis of Open-Pit Technology, M.S. Poliakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (IGTM of the NAS of Ukraine), Dnipro, Ukraine, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Lewicka Ewa, (Ph.D.), Assistant Professor of Department of Mineral Policy, Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Naworyta Wojciech, (D.Sc.), Professor, Department of Mining Engineering and Occupational Safety, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Resource Management, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.